The UN partition resolution was followed by early December, the first attacks and terrorist acts of the Haganah on Palestinian villages and civilians (Plan Gimmel). The country became increasingly embroiled in military conflicts, which according to the State of Israel proclaimed on 15 May 1948 the Arab states joined. The first Arab-Israeli war ended with victory for the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) on the Arab Liberation Army, 513 Palestinian villages were destroyed by the Israeli army and expelled over 700,000 Palestinians. The defeat of the all-powerful Arab enemy marginalized by Israeli representation of a miracle. In fact, the victory of Israel, however, based on the actual superiority of Haganah and IDF: In the initial stages of the conflict, and even before the entry of the Arab states, was the well organized and militarily experienced underground Jewish organization to one Palestinian society, the central political and military leadership was lacking. After the outbreak of war, the IDF fought against the poorly equipped, on unfamiliar terrain tactically defeated Arab Liberation Army, which was under any central command.
Systematic expulsion
For the Palestinians, the first Arab-Israeli war was the nakba ("catastrophe"). It marked not only the loss of their homeland and the beginning of their fugitive fate, but also the collapse of Palestinian society as a whole and the defeat of the nationalist movement.
They were victims of systematic expulsion policy, its beginning in April 1948 - ie before the intervention of the Arab States in the war - took. In this period was the beginning of the implementation of Plan Dalet, which had the "cleansing" of the award by the UN Jewish territory, border areas and the communication lines between the Jewish population areas of "hostile and potentially hostile forces" to the target. The Plan Dalet was the destruction of villages and population centers that were considered difficult to control in the long run than before. This should by encircling and combing of the village, take the defeat of any encountered resistance and the expulsion of the population outside its borders. Within a few weeks ago, fell most of the Arab towns of Galilee - Tiberias (17 April), Haifa (April 22), Safad (May 11) and Acre (14 May). Not infrequently, this is obvious to residents of violent attacks villages, was such as Khirbet Nasr ad-Din al-A and newspapers launched, and usually followed by the ingestion of a large town a panic-stricken flight of residents from the surrounding villages. Especially after the massacre of civilians at Deir Yassin (9 April 1948) - performed by Menachem Begin's Irgun and Yitzhak Shamir's Lehi (Stern Gang) and with the participation of the Haganah - many people fled out of fear of similar atrocities. Until the date of the Israeli Declaration of Independence on 15 Jewish units in May 1948 captured 21 percent of the Palestinians by the United Nations awarded the national territory. The entire coast between Tel Aviv and Haifa, including the port city of Jaffa, on 12 May was busy, was in Jewish hands. Up to that point had 391 000 Palestinians left their homeland and were on the run.
The war with the Arab states marked a new phase. On the Israeli side is an increasing tendency to expel the Palestinian population was seen, which escalated in the autumn of 1948. Typical of this was the expulsion of the inhabitants of Lydda and Ramlas on 12 July 1948, which was carried out under the command of Yigael Allon as part of Operation Dani. Alleged sniper and a confrontation with Jordanian tanks were used by the Israeli army as a pretext, 250 civilians and disarmed prisoners sometimes kill. A little later, 70,000 people - about one-tenth of the total refugees 1947-1949 sold, but at times 350 people lost their lives. There was looting and summary executions. Similar incidents occurred in October 1948 in the northern Negev during Operation Yoav, and a month later, in the center and north of Galilee. Only a few places, mostly with Druze or Christian population, were spared by the expulsion. Now that the victory could safely be increased further atrocities and massacres, as in the villages Safsaf, Sasa, Eilabun, Dawayma and Ishe.
An important aspect of this expulsion policy was the prohibition of return dar. At the beginning of May 1948 Jewish farmers were instructed to take over the abandoned land of Palestinians. In June, precipitated the political leadership decided to pursue the refugees to return to their villages by force to fail, preventing them from harvesting their fields and burn the crop, if Israelis were not in a position to overtake them. Clear goal of Israeli policy was now to prevent the return of Palestinians to their homes "at any price," as Ben Gurion it. Palestinian villages were destroyed or inhabited by Jewish immigrants, divided the land among the surrounding kibbutzim. Played an important role in these actions Joseph Weitz, then-Director of the Department of Natural Resources issues the Jewish National Fund. Weitz, a staunch Zionist who saw no room in Palestine for two people came, like many supporters of the Zionist movement for the deportation of the Arab population of Palestine in the neighboring states. Very early Zionist activists had realized that the propagated by Israel Zangwill slogan "a land without people for a people without land" was not true, as Palestine was one of the most densely populated areas of the Middle East, and so the dream of a homogeneous Jewish state is difficult could be realized. Since the 1930s, we discussed why in Zionist circles, the idea of "transfer". Given the chaos of war and general anarchy, saw Weitz, the time has come to put this idea into action and "as many Arabs as possible" to drive, had Ben-Gurion, but several years earlier declared that he will be "forced resettlement (.. .) nothing immoral "look.
Israel ignores UN resolutions
Between February and July 1949, it finally came to armistice agreements between Israel and Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan and Syria. Well over 700,000 Palestinians were found scattered in the refugee camps of Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, the West Bank and Gaza Strip. All attempts by the Arab side, to arrive at a solution to the refugee problem and peaceful settlement based on Resolution 181 was rejected by the Israelis at the conference of Lausanne (1949). The United Nations urged in a resolution on the return of displaced persons to their home country (Resolution 194), but Israel ignored them as numerous following resolutions in 1950 enacted a law on the "possession of absentee," which legalized the expropriation and confiscation of Palestinian land and ordered in the same year that every Jew living in the world possess a right to return to Israel and the achievement of Israeli citizenship. The remaining 151 000 in Israel, Palestinians have been made until 1966 under a military law, which restricted their significant others opinion, the press and freedom of movement. Jordan presented the West Bank under his rule and finally in 1951, the annexed area, while the Gaza Strip came under Egyptian administration.
Systematic expulsion
For the Palestinians, the first Arab-Israeli war was the nakba ("catastrophe"). It marked not only the loss of their homeland and the beginning of their fugitive fate, but also the collapse of Palestinian society as a whole and the defeat of the nationalist movement.
They were victims of systematic expulsion policy, its beginning in April 1948 - ie before the intervention of the Arab States in the war - took. In this period was the beginning of the implementation of Plan Dalet, which had the "cleansing" of the award by the UN Jewish territory, border areas and the communication lines between the Jewish population areas of "hostile and potentially hostile forces" to the target. The Plan Dalet was the destruction of villages and population centers that were considered difficult to control in the long run than before. This should by encircling and combing of the village, take the defeat of any encountered resistance and the expulsion of the population outside its borders. Within a few weeks ago, fell most of the Arab towns of Galilee - Tiberias (17 April), Haifa (April 22), Safad (May 11) and Acre (14 May). Not infrequently, this is obvious to residents of violent attacks villages, was such as Khirbet Nasr ad-Din al-A and newspapers launched, and usually followed by the ingestion of a large town a panic-stricken flight of residents from the surrounding villages. Especially after the massacre of civilians at Deir Yassin (9 April 1948) - performed by Menachem Begin's Irgun and Yitzhak Shamir's Lehi (Stern Gang) and with the participation of the Haganah - many people fled out of fear of similar atrocities. Until the date of the Israeli Declaration of Independence on 15 Jewish units in May 1948 captured 21 percent of the Palestinians by the United Nations awarded the national territory. The entire coast between Tel Aviv and Haifa, including the port city of Jaffa, on 12 May was busy, was in Jewish hands. Up to that point had 391 000 Palestinians left their homeland and were on the run.
The war with the Arab states marked a new phase. On the Israeli side is an increasing tendency to expel the Palestinian population was seen, which escalated in the autumn of 1948. Typical of this was the expulsion of the inhabitants of Lydda and Ramlas on 12 July 1948, which was carried out under the command of Yigael Allon as part of Operation Dani. Alleged sniper and a confrontation with Jordanian tanks were used by the Israeli army as a pretext, 250 civilians and disarmed prisoners sometimes kill. A little later, 70,000 people - about one-tenth of the total refugees 1947-1949 sold, but at times 350 people lost their lives. There was looting and summary executions. Similar incidents occurred in October 1948 in the northern Negev during Operation Yoav, and a month later, in the center and north of Galilee. Only a few places, mostly with Druze or Christian population, were spared by the expulsion. Now that the victory could safely be increased further atrocities and massacres, as in the villages Safsaf, Sasa, Eilabun, Dawayma and Ishe.
An important aspect of this expulsion policy was the prohibition of return dar. At the beginning of May 1948 Jewish farmers were instructed to take over the abandoned land of Palestinians. In June, precipitated the political leadership decided to pursue the refugees to return to their villages by force to fail, preventing them from harvesting their fields and burn the crop, if Israelis were not in a position to overtake them. Clear goal of Israeli policy was now to prevent the return of Palestinians to their homes "at any price," as Ben Gurion it. Palestinian villages were destroyed or inhabited by Jewish immigrants, divided the land among the surrounding kibbutzim. Played an important role in these actions Joseph Weitz, then-Director of the Department of Natural Resources issues the Jewish National Fund. Weitz, a staunch Zionist who saw no room in Palestine for two people came, like many supporters of the Zionist movement for the deportation of the Arab population of Palestine in the neighboring states. Very early Zionist activists had realized that the propagated by Israel Zangwill slogan "a land without people for a people without land" was not true, as Palestine was one of the most densely populated areas of the Middle East, and so the dream of a homogeneous Jewish state is difficult could be realized. Since the 1930s, we discussed why in Zionist circles, the idea of ??"transfer". Given the chaos of war and general anarchy, saw Weitz, the time has come to put this idea into action and "as many Arabs as possible" to drive, had Ben-Gurion, but several years earlier declared that he will be "forced resettlement (.. .) nothing immoral "look.
Israel ignores UN resolutions
Between February and July 1949, it finally came to armistice agreements between Israel and Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan and Syria. Well over 700,000 Palestinians were found scattered in the refugee camps of Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, the West Bank and Gaza Strip. All attempts by the Arab side, to arrive at a solution to the refugee problem and peaceful settlement based on Resolution 181 was rejected by the Israelis at the conference of Lausanne (1949). The United Nations urged in a resolution on the return of displaced persons to their home country (Resolution 194), but Israel ignored them as numerous following resolutions in 1950 enacted a law on the "possession of absentee," which legalized the expropriation and confiscation of Palestinian land and ordered in the same year that every Jew living in the world possess a right to return to Israel and the achievement of Israeli citizenship. The remaining 151 000 in Israel, Palestinians have been made until 1966 under a military law, which restricted their significant others opinion, the press and freedom of movement. Jordan presented the West Bank under his rule and finally in 1951, the annexed area, while the Gaza Strip came under Egyptian administration.
© 2011 Embassy of the State of Palestine
